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Let's change the narrative a little this week. Today, I will share with you no less than 10 different tax saving pointers. Whether it is SDLT, CGT, Income/Corporation Tax, Council Tax or VAT...there's a potential saving for you in here I am convinced. Tax is a specialist area and one that needs considered professional advice, so that's why these are merely pointers and not advice. However, the more aware we are, the more research and due diligence we can undertake to see if we can save tax and by doing so, save money too.
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Transcription of the show
Let's change the narrative a little this week. Today, I will share with you no less than 10 different tax saving pointers. Whether it is SDLT, CGT, Income/Corporation Tax, Council Tax or VAT...there's a potential saving for you in here I am convinced. Tax is a specialist area and one that needs considered professional advice, so that's why these are merely pointers and not advice. However, the more aware we are, the more research and due diligence we can undertake to see if we can save tax and by doing so, save money too.
Property Chatter
Hello and welcome to another episode of The Property Voice podcast. My name is Richard Brown, and as always it's a pleasure to have you join me again on the show today. We're in strange times, I know that and I've got to be honest. I passed the deadline recording day, our cutoff for this week's podcast, which was a Monday evening. Shiggy who does the editing of the podcast would have been waiting and ready to prepare it on Tuesday, ready for you to hear it on Wednesday. But I was lacking inspiration in all honesty and I just didn't get it done. So, I'm sat here on Tuesday morning and hoping that when I do get this recording over to Shiggy that she can still do it. So, hopefully it'll go live Wednesday, but if it's late, you know exactly why. So, yeah, there's that. Probably a little bit of a preamble there that was unnecessary.
But one of the reasons effectively that I was struggling with inspiration is I didn't want to go into more sort of coronavirus conversation at this point in time. Obviously I've covered it off a couple of weeks or three weeks in a row in a way. One was to how I'm responding and two had been obviously about the virus, et cetera. And I just didn't want to do it again, in all honesty. But I was just trying to think, well, what do I want to talk about? I had a few different ideas. I hope one of them just so you're aware is instead of obviously we've got this virus that people can pass on the infection. So, it may be two or three people on average. I was actually thinking about passing something else on to two or three people on average, like a random act of kindness or some sort of giving.
I'm probably going to come back to that idea, because it really sits with me that perhaps particularly in these tough moments people are isolated literally. As well as metaphorically people are distant and cannot socially interact. It might be good actually to undertake some random acts of kindness, that could be to family members. It could be to people in our community. It could be people more broadly, so I'm doing a few things myself. For example, in the property community, I've got a coffee time, I call it coffee time session, half an hour every Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday. That's with people in my community and literally it's just we switch on the Zoom and we just have a chat. It's just a bit of social. That's what the intention is. Sometimes we drift into business, but it's just whatever people want to talk about. We keep it light, but it's we just thought of building a little bit of community, a bit of contact with the outside world if you like, in that sense.
I have what's called a town hall on a Friday. That's a longer conversation. It's more business focused, so just trying to give something back into the community. And of course, I've got the TPV Live on Wednesday lunch times. It's at 1:00 on Wednesdays, UK time. If you want to join in with that, just reach out to me. Podcast Propertyvoice.net and I'll share the link with you to join in. And that's just for you guys effectively, if you want to join in, you want to have a conversation. You just want to sit and look at somebody else instead of whoever you perhaps are surrounded by, if you're fortunate to be surrounded by. But I will come back to this because I've got a few friends who are... They're obviously locked down at home, but they're on their own literally. And some of them particularly are struggling with the idea of being isolated, particularly if they're extroverted cut types of personality. So, I think now and again to reach out to those sort of people.
So, I have kind of drifted into that topic at the beginning of this conversation. And you're going to wonder what has this got to do with tax pointers, which is going to be the title. So, bear with me in a couple of seconds. I will get to some tax pointers, but I just thought I'd just start with some reflection. And also just the idea of reaching out and connecting to others at this point in time, which I shall probably return to because it's something very much in my heart. Okay. So, that preamble is out the way, three or four minutes in. But let's talk about tax now. I usually shy away from talking about tax for a couple of reasons. One of which is I'm not a tax accountant, I'm not a tax advisor, I'm not a tax specialist. So, I'm going to caveat everything I say in this episode as I'm calling them pointers deliberately. It's not tax advice, yeah, they're tax pointers. These are things that I'm aware of, that I can share with you on the course of this podcast today.
And then it's for you to make your own inquiries, okay? So, I strongly recommend that anything I talk about today that you validate with your own independent tax advisor or accountant. So, I'm going to give some pointers, things I've discovered. Things I'm aware of, things I sometimes look into, try and take advantage of myself. And just signpost you to them as ideas and concepts. I'm not giving advice. So, please seek your own independent advice. Yeah, that's a disclaimer. Hopefully that's clear, but let's just then talk about tax for a while, shall we? Right. So, I've got about 10 I think, tax pointers that I just wanted to share with you. I'm just flicking through my notes as I sort of... Have I got 10 or not? I think I do have 10. So, the first one really is, it's all about council tax actually. And if a property is uninhabitable, typically a definition of uninhabitable, apart from the obvious, it's got no roof or walls or floors, that's clearly not habitable.
But more subtly if it doesn't have functioning kitchen and bathroom, that can sometimes be the test of uninhabitable. Now, I'm not specifically giving a definition of uninhabitable, that's something that needs to be explored in conjunction with your advisors. But if a property is uninhabitable or you believe it is, you can apply to the VOA or the Valuations Office effectively to have it deregistered for council tax purposes. Which means it gets taken off the council tax register, which also means you don't pay council tax on the property for the period that it is deregistered. Now this could be really useful. So, for example, I bought a property, it's a former care home. I couldn't really understand why it's council taxed, not business rates. That's one thing, but there we go. But it's been long-term empty before I owned the property. And in the local authority area where this is located, which is Doncaster, the long-term empty properties, I mean, in fact most local authorities have this kind of principle now.
That they charge a premium for long-term empty and then a super premium for super long-term empty. So, I think usually that's two years and then five years like a threshold. So, it's 100% premium for two years empty and then a 200% premium. So, that's on top of the regular council tax, so it's three times council tax if it's been empty, unoccupied for five years or more, which is the case with this particular property. Even though I haven't owned it for that period of time, I'm picking up the tab, because previous owners left it empty for a period of time. I'm working on the property but I've being clobbered for council tax. I was looking at, well should I be paying? Is there a way around it? We had the good old days in the past where we've got a period of grace, where as property owners and landlords where we could actually undertake works on property and they get a relief from to council tax. Well, now it's the opposite. Local authorities are actually a little bit more aggressive in this area.
And they're using the premiums for council tax, which is will be provided to them through deregulation, to collect additional revenue locally from people who've got uninhabitable property or empty properties rather, sorry, empty properties. In a way it makes sense because it's an encouragement to bring disused properties or empty properties back into use, which is also good for housing in the local area. So, again, I get the principle. But what I think sometimes seems a bit odd is where you've got a new owner who's got intentions to do things with that property and then they get penalized for the previous owner's actions essentially. I don't think that's fair. I don't think it's right. That's my personal opinion. But there's no point to be bleating about it because I'm probably not going to get the law changed. So, I'm looking at work around. So, there we go. You can apply to the Valuation Office Agency. The key point there is the Valuation Office is independent of the local authority council tax department.
If you ring the council tax department, they will just tell you you've got to pay it pretty much. They may refer you to the Valuation Office or they may not. So, just go straight to the Valuation Office, get it, put a case forward. Usually they will need to go inspect the property. Let's see if that's going to happen at this point in time. And they accept alternative forms of evidence that it's uninhabitable, such as photographs or video instead. So, that's just the tip and a point to there. So, first one, avoid council tax if a property is uninhabited, uninhabitable by getting it. Do you register through the Valuation Office? The second one is if, for example, you're buying a property that sits within a company, let's say it's just a single property. Or indeed there's a collection of properties within a company, you want to buy all of them. Then instead of buying the properties themselves individually, then you can actually buy the shares of the company instead. Buy the company instead.
And by doing this you achieve a stamp duty saving. So, of course with stamp duty on residential property in particular, there's this 3% premium. There's this ratcheting of stamp duty in the first place and it can get very expensive. But if you buy shares, there is still a form of stamp duty that needs to be paid on a share transfer. That's half a percent and there isn't this sort of threshold or tiered system. So, in other words, if you bought a property that say... I can't remember my stamp duty bandings off the top of my head. But even if it's say 125 or £126,000 you're obviously paying 1% stamp duty and the 3% premium, which is 4%. Whereas you could... If you bought the company instead you just pay half percent stamp duty. So, as a buyer, this can be quite a significant tax saving. One word of caution is that if you're buying a company rather than the property there's more due diligence that you need to undertake. And usually that's checking that there's no sort of hidden liabilities that could creep up and bite you later.
So, in other words, you need your lawyer to do a bit more work. You also need to do a bit more work around the company, to make sure you don't sort of buy into something that you really weren't expecting. And examples might be charges on property for example that you can't release. So, just be aware of that. But yeah, there may be a bit more to pay in legal fees. That's what I'm getting at. So, but it shouldn't be anything near the stamp duty that you've saved and so you should be a win. So, that's the stamp duty saving. I want to stick with stamp duty for a while. There's just a couple of extra ones. So, the next one is if you happen to be buying six residential properties all at once. So, you're buying a small portfolio effectively, which isn't inconceivable, there might be landlords exiting right now. Or you might want to buy into a large sort of portfolio yourself in a single transaction. That's the point, actually. It's six individual properties would then be reclassified as a single commercial transaction.
And what you do is you convert residential stamp duty into commercial stamp duty. And usually resident... Sorry, commercial stamp duty is lower than residential stamp duty. So, you'd have a stamp duty saving if that were the case. Hopefully you've got good advice and if you were buying a portfolio, you'd be seeking that advice and perhaps you'd know that. But I just thought I'd signpost you to that. Because if you're thinking, I want to acquire say six properties this year, one every other month or something. If it was possible to do it in a single transaction, maybe from a single buyer... Sorry, seller. Then you can get a stamp duty saving, as I mentioned. So, sticking with stamp duty for a moment. Of course, that's if you buy six properties and you might be thinking, well, I'm not really going to be buying six properties, Richard. So, well could you tell me one that's more suitable for me? Well, maybe, so the next one is if you buy multiple properties but not as many as six in a single transaction, maybe you buy two.
So, between two and six or between two and five really because the six converts into the commercial. If you're buying a couple of properties at once, so let's just take that example, then you have the choice. You have the option of what they call averaging. So, you can average selling price. So, for argument's sake, if you're buying one property, I'll just make a ridiculous example of £500,000 and then the property... Maybe not £500,000. One property of £350,000 and one property of £50,000, rather than sake. Then you've got a total of two... Sorry, £400,000 then. You pay a lot of stamp duty on the one £350,000. You wouldn't pay that much on the one at £50,000. But you could average out the two at £400,000 and potentially get a saving on the large one, if you've tripped over a threshold in some way. So, the £250,000 is a stamp duty threshold. So, you'd need to the sums, you need to see if it works for you. But you can have what's called averaging of the stamp duty in that situation.
So, that might be more beneficial to you if you're buying a couple of properties, three properties at once for example. Next one is if you happen to be buying a commercial property. So, it's a shop or it's an office or something like that, essentially. That would be classed as a commercial property in its current usage. Have a look into where the capital allowances have ever been claimed on the fixtures and fittings in the past. Now, there are some rules about claiming capital allowances, you can only do it once in effect. And that's why I said make some inquiries as to whether they've been claimed in the past. If the current owner has classified and claimed for fixtures and fittings as capital allowances, then this benefit's not going to extend to you. But if it hasn't, in other words, they haven't really said, well, all the fixtures and fittings in this commercial building, we're going to class as fixtures and fittings. And we put in a claim for capital allowances or you can then do that.
And if you make a claim for capital allowances, you basically get tax offset by the capital allowances permitted on fixtures and fittings. So, in a commercial building that can actually add up to quite a lot. Just think about things like air conditioning units for example. But even boilers, things like that would be classed as a fixture or a fitting. If you can imagine anything that can be removed from the property without impairing the property itself, I.E. the four walls, the floor, and the roof and any flooring of course, would stay intact. But anything that can be removed could be reclassified as a capital allowance... Sorry, as a fixture and fittings, in which case you could make a claim for capital allowances and reduce your tax bill accordingly. So, that's if you buy a commercial property. And of course, in these days of commercial to residential conversion, a lot of people are doing that. Even on a small scale, there's a shop they want to convert. Then there could be capital allowances and fixture... Sorry, could be fixtures and fittings which you'd make a claim for capital allowances on.
So, that's the buying a commercial property. And now sticking with the idea of fixtures and fittings, but not restricting it to commercial. If you're buying a residential property, which includes some fixtures and fittings. So, let me give an example. An HMO would be a good example here. So, it's classed as a residential property, but fixtures and fittings in an HMO, if you're buying an existing HMO, it could include carpets, curtains, furniture and white goods, for example. So, if you're buying an existing property, which has got fixtures and fittings, you're able to split out the building from the so-called fixture... Well, from the fixtures and fittings, which under law is called chattels. It's one of these old words, which refers to sort of a different type of property. So, the chattels or the fixtures and fittings could be separated out. And as a result of this, when you're purchasing the property, let's say you're buying a property for say, let's say it's an HMO.
Let's say you're buying it for £150,000. Let's say you could reasonably value, no, this is important. You can't overstate the value of the chattels. Otherwise, you're probably going to come a cropper. So, let's say the fixtures and fittings in this HMO are valued at, let's say £15,000. So, that's the furniture in the rooms. It's the white goods and the furniture and the common spaces. It could be the carpets and it could be the blinds or curtains, for example, in the property. You could probably add to that list, but there's some core items that you would inevitably inherit if you're buying an HMO. And what you could say, is so is £150,000... Actually, I'm going to change this. Let's say it was... You're going to purchase the property for, it was £130,000 and the chattels were £15,000. Sorry to change the numbers on you. But you'll get it in a second. If it was £130,000 and £15,000 of which you could reclassify chattels, then what you'd end up doing is you'd actually be paying.
Do my last Richard, £115,000 for the actual property, for the building. And then separately you'd be paying £15,000 for those chattels or those fixtures and fittings. So, you'd still be paying the £130,000 in total, but you just separate out property from chattels. You need to... Inclined it there. And by doing this, you're basically save on stamp duty or you could save on stamp duty. Well, you'd save on the stamp duty on the chattels. And if you actually come below a threshold, so in this case that's why I changed the public. So, yeah, 130 would have put you into a higher stamp duty threshold than £115,000 would be. So, you actually save on the rate of stamp duty on the property elements as well. Now, it wouldn't surprise you to know the HMRC are pretty switched on to this particular opportunity, let's say. So, they will be looking quite closely if you actually do submit a claim form, which breaks down property from chattels.
And they may well investigate because they just want to double check that you're not actually doing something just to engineer a minute, the system to reduce tax. And that's sort of understandable if you think about it. So, just do it legitimately. So, if you are genuinely buying a property and it genuinely has these chattels, so-called fixtures and fittings that come included with the property. And you could put a fair value on those, which might not be cost of replacement, but the cost of what they are worth today, for example, that's important. And you can itemize that in a schedule. You can get the seller to list them in their documentation. Then you've got nothing to worry about. But don't try and engineer. Never try to abuse tax rules because it'll likely backfire. And the HMRC are pretty switched on. They've got some checking processes which allow them to look into these sort of things. So, anyway, there we go. Chattels, if you didn't know about chattels before you do now.
So, here's another one. If you're buying a commercial building, so going back to commercial right now. That's VAT registered, then you've got a couple of options. You can either try and get the seller to deregister it prior to sale. Now, that might be possible, for example, if it's vacant and they're not collecting rents and that sort of thing. So, they could perhaps deregister it prior to sale. Or if that's not possible for any reason, you put it into an SPV, a special purpose company or special purpose vehicle and register it for VAT yourself. Now, this works particularly if your plans are to convert the building into residential, for example. So, if you've registered for VAT and then you subsequently convert the property. And you're going to retain that property, any rent that becomes due is not subject to VAT if it's residential and it would be if it's commercial. So, just keep that in mind. This may or may not work for you depending on your strategy.
Similarly, if your plan was to preserve it as commercial and resell it, then VAT could be a cost which may not be reclaimable on behalf of the buyer that's coming in. So, in other words, it's a premium on the purchase price, unless the buyer happens to be registered for VAT. In which case they could claim the VAT as an input tax and reduce the actual bill, if you like. This can be a bit complex, but here's the spin. If you buy a commercial property which is registered for VAT, and you yourself become registered, first where you can reclaim the VAT on the purchase. Second of all, as I mentioned, if you turn it into residential, you won't have to charge VAT on the rates, because it doesn't apply on residential property. And third of all, you can actually reclaim all of the VAT on the works that you undertake to convert the property as well. So, obviously you'll have tradespeople, contractors coming in to convert the property. Often they'll be VAT registered. So, that is a cost that you can then reclaim.
So, that's an interesting one. As I mentioned, probably worth getting professional advice on that one because you can actually come unstuck basically. So, but just wanted to signpost you to that particular angle. But number eight, sticking with VAT for a moment. Keep in mind that actually there are reduced rates of VAT for certain types of property development activity, if I can call it that. So, if you are doing a refurbishment and you're not changing the use of a property, then you're just going to pay the VAT to the incoming trades and that's that. Okay, so if they charge VAT, 20% VAT standard rate and you're doing a refurbishment, then it's just a cost to you, to us. But we can't reclaim unless we put we are VAT registered and we can reclaim it that way. But assuming that we're residential, we're landlords owning the property. We're not VAT registered, then we cannot reclaim that 20% VAT, which becomes an on cost for us.
But if we're converting the property, so for example, we're converting it from arguments sake, commercial to residential. Or we're changing its use, say from a C3 to C4 HMO or Sui Generis to HMO. We're converting, we're changing the use of the property. In that situation, we can ask the contractors to reduce the VAT that they're applying from 20% down to 5%. So, that's more palatable perhaps if we're paying 5% on the works costs on the conversion. Now, a bit of a warning, the reduced VAT doesn't extend to professional fees. So, it's only on the actual construction related costs. It's not on professional fees. So, you can't get your solicitor, your accountant, your QS, or anybody else, project manager reducing their VAT. But you can on any actual works that are undertaking the property. So, that's that. And then if you, if you've got elements of new bills. So, let's say you're buying a plot of land or indeed you're adding new elements to an existing plot.
This can get quite complex, but if it's a new build essentially it's zero rated for VAT purposes. What that means is if you've got contractors coming in and building a property, then they shouldn't be charging VAT on their work. So, that's a good saving if you're not VAT registered. So, keep in mind that if... Yeah, I think I'll just leave it at that. Actually, I'm just going to point you to that, the reduced VAT. So, a lot of people overlook that. They end up paying 20% VAT when they don't need to. So, just that's one of the points for you there. Then I guess, the next one is furnished holiday lets. Now you're probably aware section 24, if you're a private landlord there's restrictions on the amount of financing costs, including mortgage interest and other finance related fees. That's being phased out. If you haven't noticed already, we were just into the 75%. It's been phased in generally speaking, over a four-year period. We're three years into the four-year period now.
So, the section 24 says we can't reclaim all of the interest and other finance costs on a residential property no longer, if it's owned in our own name. Now, one way to get around that is to own the property in a company. So, that's one way of saving that particular tax hike, which can be significant. It may or may not be suitable for everybody though owning a company. So, if you've got a small portfolio, and you don't intend to grow that much. And you're a basic rate tax payer, then you might not need to put it in a company and won't affect you too much. But I want to talk about furnished holiday lets, because if you're running a furnished holiday let in business or service accommodation business. Which actually might not be great at this point in time, when we know people are not traveling and people are not able to make those bookings. But if you take a long-term view should be okay. Then actually the rules around section 24 interest relief... Excuse me. Don't extend to furnished holiday lets.
In other words, you can still claim all the interest and all the finance related costs as a legitimate business deduction for the furnished holiday lets within your business or your portfolio. So, one bit of good news, I guess, is if you have a furnished holiday let or a serviced accommodation business, which is subject to business rates on or before the 11th of March this year, then actually you'll get a grant. The government's making a grant available. So, I've got a couple of units which are affected. They're claiming business rate, which I got small business rates relief, so I actually wasn't actually paying, certainly one of them. And the government's going to just give me a £10,000 grant, because obviously recognizing that the bookings are fallen off a cliff literally. But that will tide me over for a period of time. So, that's some relief. But I just wanted to talk about the interest deduction section 24 doesn't extend to furnished holiday lets. Okay.
And I guess, just to cap the list of 10, I wanted to talk a little bit about... Just refreshing my notes to be honest with you. Is that a home can be a great tax strategy. It's one of the best tax strategies we can actually have. Unfortunately we can only have one home at one point in time. So, this is what we call the principal primary residence or PPR relief. So, if it's our home, we don't get the 3% stamp duty premium, which we would do for an investment property. We don't pay capital gains tax on any gain, which we would do on an investment property. So, if we came to sell it and made a profit, if that's a buy-to-let property, investment property, we pay capital gains tax. If it's trading we pay income tax or corporation tax. We'd be basically paying tax on the gain. But if it's our home, we get PPR really if we don't pay capital gains on the gain there. So, no capital gains tax.
If we were to rent out rooms or a room in our property, we can earn up to £7,500 per year, tax free under the rent-a-room scheme. So, if you don't mind somebody else sharing the space with you, you get up to £7,500 tax free. And then if we later convert it to a buy-to-let, I'm just going to check some of these. If we later convert it to a buy-to-let, we can still claim the last nine months of ownership. It was 18 but I'm saying nine at the moment, because the law was about to be changed. I just need to check if that has changed, if it's still going to change. But I do believe that the last sort of 18 months that was available as PPR relief, has been reduced to nine. It's just that it's still a little bit of extra capital growth that we can say, even if we subsequently convert it to a buy-to-let.
Now, we used to have something called lettings relief as well. So, that's where if you have your own home and you subsequently convert it to a buy-to-let, the government would give you an allowance for that, which is great. It was £40,000. It's a bit complicated how it works because it isn't just a straight £40,000. There's actually three possibilities, but lettings relief could apply. Which could reduce the taxable gain by £40,000, which could actually save quite a lot of money on capital gains tax when you come to sell that property later on. So, there's just a few pointers there in terms of tax savings on your own home. So, as I mentioned, you can only really own one home at a time. But I know a number of people who've basically moved up the housing ladder using their own home as a vehicle to do that. Buying a property, adding value to the property, subsequently selling that property or indeed, renting it out and actually profiting in one way or another, whether it's for the income or capital gains through their own home.
Now, you can't do it every six months, because the revenue's going to basically say that's a business activity. You are not really living in this place that you are just... It's a ruse. So, I think, the gap between buying and selling needs to be a reasonable period of time. Which you can legitimately say, well, it is my hope. I just added some value to it and then I sold that home. And I bought a new home and I'm going to do the same with that one. And there's nothing wrong with that. People do DIY value-adding improvements to their home all the time. So, there's nothing wrong with that. So, there you go. I've rattled through that list. There's 10 potential tax savings there. I'm signposting you to them. I'm making you aware of them. Some of which you might have known already, maybe one or two you didn't know already. Hopefully one or two apply to you, but as I say please get independent advice. I'm not advising you on taxation, which is one of the reasons why I tend to avoid it on the podcast.
But I thought I'd actually share this with you today as just a slightly different topic to cover on the podcast and get you thinking in a slightly different way. We're all looking to save money at this point in time probably. So, saving tax is one way in which we can save money and or increase our profitability and our returns on our investment. So, yeah, we can... Every penny saved in tax is a penny earned, so to speak. So, hopefully that's been useful. I'll leave you with that thought for now and the show notes are going to be available. So, if you want to just refer to anything I've said, they're going to be available on the website, Thepropertyvoice.net. If you want to join in with the TPV Lunchtime Lives on Thursday at 1:00 PM, just connect with me, podcast Thepropertyvoice.net or reach out to me on social media. A number of people have done that and I'll share the links with you.
You can join in for that session. So, you can just join in and socialize or you can just join in and maybe use it as an opportunity to ask some questions. I know yesterday, Derek, saw my WhatsApp number listed on The Property Voice Facebook page and called me. And that's actually what ultimately stimulated this particular podcast episode. Because he asked me about whether he should buy a property that's in a company or buy the company itself. And I've said, I told him about the stamp duty saving and that's what really sort of stuck in my mind. And I thought I'd share that tip amongst nine others with you today. So, there we go. Hopefully it's been useful. There's the signpost pointers towards tax. Take your own advice, but I guess, for now that's all I really wanted to share. The show episode over the website as I mentioned. But I guess, all that remains to be said is thanks once again for listening again this week on The Property Voice Podcast, and until next time it's cha-cha.
That's all from me this week, remember if you want to talk about anything from today’s show, or just talk property investing more generally, email me at podcast@thepropertyvoice.net, I would be happy to hear from you! The show notes can be found at our website www.thepropertyvoice.net
Thanks very much for listening again this week, so all that left to say is ciao ciao!